Should a French bulldog be tested for IVDD?

1. Genetic Predisposition (The “Chondrodystrophy” Gene Test)

• Chance of Testing Positive: ~100% (Virtually Guaranteed).
• Why: Almost all French Bulldogs carry the FGF4 retrogene mutation on chromosome 12, which causes their distinctive short legs and, crucially, predisposes them to early disc degeneration (chondrodystrophy). This genetic trait is a hallmark of the breed. A test from a company like Embark will almost certainly come back positive for this risk factor.

Crucially: A positive genetic test does not mean your dog has IVDD. It means they have the underlying biology that makes them highly susceptible to developing it.

One of the most extreme examples of dog breed differences is in limb length, as extremely short limbs define many breeds. 

2. Clinical Diagnosis (Symptomatic IVDD Requiring Treatment)

This is what owners are truly asking about: the risk of their Frenchie developing painful or paralyzing disc disease in its lifetime.

• Estimated Lifetime Risk: Ranges from 15% to over 30%, according to various veterinary studies.
• Why so high? The combination of the universal genetic predisposition, their conformation (long spine, short legs), and often muscular build creates a perfect storm for spinal stress and disc issues.
• Key Factors Influencing Individual Risk:
  • Age: Peak incidence is between 3-6 years old.
  • Weight: Obesity is a massive, controllable risk factor.
  • Neutering/Early Spaying: Some studies suggest a correlation with earlier onset.
  • Conformation: Extremely short spines and “screw” tails may correlate with higher risk.
  • Activity: Repetitive jumping on/off furniture, using collars, and rough play increase risk.
  • Breeding/Lines: Poorly bred dogs from non-health-tested parents may have higher risk.

The Bottom Line: Chances & Action Plan

• Genetic Risk Factor
  • Chance / Statistic: ~100%
  • What It Means For You: Assume your Frenchie is at high risk. This is not a diagnostic test, but warrants attention and caution.
• Lifetime Risk of Developing IVDD
  • Chance / Statistic: Approximately 1 in 4 to 1 in 6
  • What It Means For You: This is a significant probability. Proactive management (weight control, restricted jumping) is essential.
• Chance of Severe (Grade 4/5) IVDD
  • Chance / Statistic: Lower, but serious
  • What It Means For You: Requires immediate, expensive surgery. Pet insurance is highly recommended.

What You Should Do: Prevention is Key

Since the genetic chance is near 100%, your focus must be on reducing the clinical chances:

1. Maintain a Lean Weight: This is the #1 controllable factor.
2. Use Ramps & Stairs: For all furniture and beds. No jumping.
3. Harness Only: Never attach a leash to a collar.
4. Know the Early Signs: Neck/back pain, reluctance to jump, trembling, hunched posture, weakness in legs. Seek a vet immediately.
5. Consider Pet Insurance: Get it before any symptoms appear, as IVDD is a pre-existing condition once noted.

In summary: While the chance of a Frenchie carrying the genetic predisposition for IVDD is almost certain, the chance of it becoming a clinical problem is about 15-30%. Through diligent, proactive care, you can significantly influence the severity and likelihood of your dog’s experience with this disease.